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The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family has five heparin-binding members that assemble into four homodimers (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD) and one heterodimer (PDGF-AB; Fretto et al.; Li & Eriksson). PDGF signals through the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. It has been shown that PDGF-induced migration involves signaling pathways involving MEK/ERK, EGFR, Src, and PI3K/AKT (Kim et al.). PDGF is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, glial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF has been implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, cancer, and in the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat aortic tissues (Fretto et al.; Sachinidis et al.). PDGF-DD promotes growth and survival of renal artery smooth muscle cells and lens epithelial cells, and can act as a macrophage chemoattractant (Changsirikulchai et al.; Lokker et al.; Ray et al.; Uutela et al.).
(A) The biological activity of Human Recombinant PDGF-DD was tested by its ability to promote the proliferation of 3T3 cells. Cell proliferation was measured using a fluorometric assay method. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which cell proliferation is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is 0.097 µg/mL.
(B) Human Recombinant PDGF-DD was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) conditions and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining. Human Recombinant PDGF-DD has a predicted molecular mass of 14.0 kDa.
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