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Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and regulates diverse cellular phenotypes. With a verified endotoxin level of ≤ 0.1 EU/μg, measured using the LAL method, confidently use TGF-β1 across multiple applications. TGF-β1 binds to serine-threonine kinase type I and II receptors and activates signal transduction through SMAD2/3 proteins, thus regulating a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (Massagué; McDowell et al.). During human embryogenesis, TGF-β1 is expressed by endothelial and hematopoietic tissues and acts as an endogenous autocrine growth regulator (Gatherer et al.). Together with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), TGF-β1 supports the culture of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (Amit et al.). Once activated, TGF-β1 helps maintain immune homeostasis by modulating B cell response and mediating immunosuppressive effects on T cells and neutrophils (Letterio & Roberts). This product is animal component-free (ACF).
Figure 1. Biological Activity and Molecular Mass of Human Recombinant TGF-beta 1, ACF
(A) The biological activity of Human Recombinant TGF-beta 1, ACF was tested using a luciferase reporter assay in transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Firefly luciferase activity was normalized to control Renilla luciferase activity. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which TGF beta 1 response is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is 1.54 pM (~0.04 ng/mL).
(B) 7 μg of Human Recombinant TGF-beta 1, ACF was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining. Human Recombinant TGF-beta 1, ACF has a predicted molecular mass of 24 kDa (dimer).
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