Human Recombinant GM-CSF (E. coli-expressed)

Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor

Human Recombinant GM-CSF (E. coli-expressed)

Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor

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Granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor
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Overview

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages. In synergy with other cytokines such as stem cell factor, IL-3, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin, it also stimulates erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Barreda et al.). GM-CSF is produced by multiple cell types, including stromal cells, Paneth cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and Th1 and Th17 T cells (Francisco-Cruz et al.). The receptor for GM-CSF (GM-CSFR) is composed of two subunits: the cytokine-specific α subunit (GMRα; CD116) and the common subunit βc (CD131) shared with IL-3 and IL-5 receptors (Broughton et al.). GM-CSFR is expressed on hematopoietic cells, including progenitor cells and immune cells, as well as non-hematopoietic cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) promotes the production of myeloid cells of the granulocytic (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) and monocytic lineages in vivo. It has been tested for mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells and for treating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the development of DCs that ingest, process, and present antigens to the immune system (Francisco-Cruz et al.).
Subtype
Cytokines
Cell Type
Dendritic Cells, Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, Mesoderm, PSC-Derived, Monocytes, Myeloid Cells
Species
Human
Area of Interest
Immunology, Stem Cell Biology
Purity
≥ 95%

Data Figures

(A) The biological activity of Human Recombinant GM-CSF was tested by its ability to promote the proliferation of TF-1 cells. Cell proliferation was measured after 48 hours of culture using a fluorometric assay method. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which cell proliferation is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is 0.08 - 0.12 ng/mL.
(B) 1 μg of Human Recombinant GM-CSF was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining. Human Recombinant GM-CSF has a predicted molecular mass of 14.6 kDa.

Protocols and Documentation

Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.

Document Type
Product Name
Catalog #
Lot #
Language
Catalog #
78015.1, 78015.2, 78015, 78015.3
Lot #
All
Language
English
Document Type
Safety Data Sheet
Catalog #
78015.1, 78015.2, 78015, 78015.3
Lot #
All
Language
English

Resources and Publications

Publications (1)

Direct induction of haematoendothelial programs in human pluripotent stem cells by transcriptional regulators. I. Elcheva et al. Nature communications 2014 jul

Abstract

Advancing pluripotent stem cell technologies for modelling haematopoietic stem cell development and blood therapies requires identifying key regulators of haematopoietic commitment from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, by screening the effect of 27 candidate factors, we reveal two groups of transcriptional regulators capable of inducing distinct haematopoietic programs from hPSCs: pan-myeloid (ETV2 and GATA2) and erythro-megakaryocytic (GATA2 and TAL1). In both cases, these transcription factors directly convert hPSCs to endothelium, which subsequently transform into blood cells with pan-myeloid or erythro-megakaryocytic potential. These data demonstrate that two distinct genetic programs regulate the haematopoietic development from hPSCs and that both of these programs specify hPSCs directly to haemogenic endothelial cells. In addition, this study provides a novel method for the efficient induction of blood and endothelial cells from hPSCs via the overexpression of modified mRNA for the selected transcription factors.