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Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a homodimeric cytokine that belongs to receptor tyrosine kinase subclass III of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. M-CSF acts on a CSF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase, which initiates signaling cascades to support cell proliferation and differentiation (Hamilton). M-CSF is produced by endothelial cells, osteoblasts, and during pregnancy by the uterine epithelial cells (Ryan). M-CSF synergizes with other factors to support proliferation and differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells, and regulates proliferation and differentiation of the mononuclear phagocyte progenitor cells to monocytes and macrophages. It also supports survival, proliferation, and function of the differentiated macrophages and regulates differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes to osteoclasts (Pixley & Stanley). M-CSF plays an important role in the implantation of the embryo and early development (Makrigiannakis et al.).
Subtype
Cytokines
Alternative Names
CSF-1, Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Cell Type
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells, Monocytes
(A) The biological activity of Rat Recombinant M-CSF was tested by its ability to promote the proliferation of M-NFS-60 cells. Cell proliferation was measured using a fluorometric assay method. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which cell proliferation is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is less than 2.5 ng/mL.
(B) 2 μg of Rat Recombinant M-CSF was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining.
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