ClonaCell™-HY Medium E
Hybridoma growth medium with hypoxanthine and thymidine (serum-containing)
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Overview
ClonaCell™-HY Medium E is a serum-containing, nutritionally rich liquid medium optimized for hybridoma expansion after hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine (HAT) selection. The medium contains hypoxanthine and thymidine (HT) and is used to wean hybridomas off aminopterin used during the selection process. This medium has been verified for use in mouse and rat hybridoma development and monoclonal antibody production and reportedly is compatible for production, cloning, and expansion of hybridomas using lymphocytes from a variety of host animals including human, mouse, rat, and hamster. ClonaCell™-HY Medium E has proven effective for subcloning and stabilization of unstable hybridoma cell lines.
Contains
• DMEM
• Serum
• Hypoxanthine and thymidine (HT)
• Gentamicin
• 2-Mercaptoethanol
• Phenol red
• L-Glutamine and other supplements
• Other ingredients
• Serum
• Hypoxanthine and thymidine (HT)
• Gentamicin
• 2-Mercaptoethanol
• Phenol red
• L-Glutamine and other supplements
• Other ingredients
Subtype
Specialized Media
Cell Type
Hybridomas
Species
Mouse
Application
Cell Culture, Hybridoma Generation
Brand
ClonaCell
Area of Interest
Antibody Development, Cell Line Development, Drug Discovery and Toxicity Testing, Hybridoma Generation
Protocols and Documentation
Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.
Document Type
Product Name
Catalog #
Lot #
Language
Document Type
Product Information Sheet
Product Name
ClonaCell™-HY Medium E
Catalog #
03805 Lot #
All Language
English Document Type
Technical Manual
Product Name
ClonaCell™-HY Medium E
Catalog #
03805 Lot #
All Language
English Document Type
Safety Data Sheet
Product Name
ClonaCell™-HY Medium E
Catalog #
03805 Lot #
All Language
English Applications
This product is designed for use in the following research area(s) as part of the highlighted workflow stage(s). Explore these workflows to learn more about the other products we offer to support each research area.
Research Area
Workflow Stages
Workflow Stages for
Hybridoma Production
Resources and Publications
Educational Materials (9)
Frequently Asked Questions
Why is there HT (hypoxanthine, thymidine) in Medium E?
Hybridomas are selected using HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine). Aminopterin blocks the de novo pathway for synthesizing nucleotide precursors for DNA synthesis. The inhibition of the de novo pathway can persist even after the cells are removed from selection. Hypoxanthine and thymidine (HT) provide the necessary nucleotide precursors for hybridoma cells to synthesize DNA using the salvage pathway. Once the cells are growing well in Medium E, they can be gradually switched to Medium A or another medium without HT.
Is the serum in ClonaCell™-HY media heat inactivated?
Yes, all serum used in ClonaCell™-HY media is heat inactivated.
Is there any IgG in clonacell™-HY media?
While we don't add IgG to the ClonaCell™-HY media, we do add serum, which contains an undefined amount of IgG. We selectively use serum lots with low IgG levels in the production of ClonaCell™-HY media, however, levels vary from lot to lot. IgG levels in a specific lot of ClonaCell™-HY medium are available in the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis.
Are there antibiotics in ClonaCell™-HY media?
These products contain gentamycin rather than penicillin/streptomycin/amphotericin B, because gentamycin is more stable and is a broad spectrum antibiotic that is non-toxic to most mammalian cells in culture.
What is the optimal number of colonies per plate?
We recommend 50-150 colonies per plate. An average fusion will result in approximately 1000 colonies per fusion (approx. 100 colonies per plate). Even if the average number of colonies per plate approaches 300, there should still be enough separation between colonies to pick easily.
Why do I have to put my fused cells into liquid medium overnight? Why can't I just plate directly into Medium D?
We recommend waiting up to 24 hours so that all of the fused cells can go through one cell cycle. This will ensure they have a chance to express HPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase), the enzyme necessary to survive in the presence of aminopterin (present in Medium D). Additionally, fused cells are very fragile immediately after fusion. Waiting a day before mixing the cells with the methylcellulose will improve their survival. Although it is not recommended, fused cells may be plated on the same day as fusion, but the cells should be allowed to recover for several hours in ClonaCell™-HY Medium C prior to plating.
What myeloma and mouse strains should I use?
Myeloma: There are at least two common myeloma cell lines used to generate hybridomas - SP2/0 and P3X63Ag8.683. Both are available from ATCC. Researchers should ensure that the myeloma line is from a reliable source and is negative for mycoplasma. Mycoplasma contamination of the myeloma line can result in decreased efficiency of hybridoma formation. Mouse: We suggest using BALB/c splenocytes and parental myeloma cells of BALB/c for the following reasons: they are highly immune reactive, well characterized and myeloma cells are available from the same genetic strain. Other mouse strains, however, are also compatible with cloning in ClonaCell™-HY media.
Can I grow human/rat/T cell hybridomas in ClonaCell™-HY?
Although we have not tried to generate human, rat or T cell hybridomas during in-house testing, these experiments are expected to be successful using ClonaCell™-HY. The researcher would need to ensure that the cell lines used in the fusion are sensitive to HAT selection and grow well in methylcellulose-based medium.
There are very few colonies growing in my Medium D. Why?
Low numbers of colonies is generally a result of low fusion efficiency, which can have many causes. The fusion efficiency can be affected by the presence of serum during fusion, the presence of mycoplasma, low viability of cells, overexposure to polyethylene glycol or slow-growing myeloma cells prior to fusion.
Why does the ClonaCell™-HY manual suggest two different methods for fusion (A or B)? Can one expect better results with one method over the other?
Which method chosen is a personal preference and there should not be significant differences in efficiency. Method B is faster and has less steps, but Method B requires you to remove all the PEG before the cells are diluted, so you will risk aspirating cells if not very careful. With Method A, you dilute the PEG with Medium B, so you have less opportunity to lose cells.
Why does the ClonaCell™-HY manual suggest two different methods for fusion (A or B)? Can one expect better results with one method over the other?
A: Which method chosen is a personal preference and there should not be significant differences in efficiency. Method B is faster and has less steps, but Method B requires you to remove all the PEG before the cells are diluted, so you will risk aspirating cells if not very careful. With Method A, you dilute the PEG with Medium B, so you have less opportunity to lose cells.
Once I pick the colonies and grow the cells in plates, will the residual methylcellulose interfere with characterization? For example, will I have problems doing an ELISA?
There will likely be some residual methylcellulose contamination when colonies are picked and transferred to the 96-well plate with the liquid growth medium. The concentration of methylcellulose, however, should be low enough that it should not interfere with most assays.
Is the serum in ClonaCell™-TCS medium heat inactivated?
Yes, all serum used in ClonaCell™ is heat inactivated.
Is there any IgG in ClonaCell™ TCS?
While we don't add IgG to the ClonaCell™ media, we do add serum, which contains an undefined amount of IgG. We selectively use serum lots with low IgG levels in the production of ClonaCell™ media, however, levels vary from lot to lot. IgG levels in a specific lot of ClonaCell™ TCS medium are available in the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis.
Can ClonaCell™-TCS be used with any cell line?
A list of recommended cell lines can be found in the manual. Other cell lines may be compatible with ClonaCell™-TCS. It will be necessary, however, to determine the plating cell density and growth efficiency of the desired cells in ClonaCell™-TCS.
Why do I get more cells when I select my fusion in liquid medium rather than in methylcellulose-based semi-solid medium?
Cells grown in liquid medium may appear to grow more rapidly than in methylcellulose-based medium. This is often due to the presence of a few rapidly growing clones that multiply quickly and become abundant in liquid culture, overgrowing clones that grow more slowly. In methylcellulose cultures, the rapidly growing cells remain in close proximity to each other, resulting in large colonies, each derived from a single fusion or transfection product. The large clones don't overgrow smaller, slower growing colonies, which can be separately isolated.
How do I thaw ClonaCell™ methylcellulose-based semi-solid medium?
We recommend thawing the medium overnight in a refrigerator at 4°C and mixing well.
How do I measure and dispense methylcellulose semi-solid medium?
We recommend using a 12 mL syringe with a 16 gauge needle attached (blunt end needles are recommended for safety purposes). Do not dispense the semi-solid media/cell mixture using serological pipettes as the media will stick to the pipette walls, resulting in inaccurate dispensed volumes and loss of cells.
My ClonaCell™ methylcellulose semi-solid medium appears runny. Why does this happen?
"Runny" methylcellulose could be a result of improper handling. Diluting the methylcellulose with too much liquid medium, or insufficient mixing before use, will result in methylcellulose with altered viscosity. Excessive condensation on the inside of the cell culture dish lid can result in water dripping onto the cultures, lowering viscosity. Additionally, bumping, shaking or other sudden movement of the culture may also disrupt the colonies. Note: methylcellulose is less viscous at room temperature than at 37°C.
What is the optimal number of colonies per plate?
We recommend 50-150 colonies per plate. As it is difficult to anticipate the numbers of colonies after a fusion or transfection, we recommend plating at three different densities to increase the likelihood of achieving a plating density of approximately 100 colonies per plate. This density allows sufficient space between the colonies to allow for easy colony picking.
There are still bubbles in the media after I plate my cells. Do I need to disrupt the bubbles?
We recommend that you avoid creating large bubbles during plating, but there is no need to manually pop or disperse the small bubbles after plating. They will disperse over the incubation period of 10-14 days.
Do I ever need to re-clone cultures grown with ClonaCell™ semi-solid medium?
Re-cloning is a good practice to observe and is recommended if the number of colonies in the original dishes was very high.
Once I pick the colonies and grow the cells in plates, will the residual methylcellulose interfere with characterization? For example, will I have problems doing an ELISA?
There will likely be some residual methylcellulose contamination when colonies are picked and transferred to the 96-well plate with the liquid growth medium. The concentration of methylcellulose, however, should be low enough that it should not interfere with most assays.
How important is the incubator humidity when culturing in methylcellulose-based medium?
Very important. In situations where the humidity is not high enough, we recommend that the 100 mm Petri dishes should be placed with an open dish containing sterile water inside a larger plastic container with a lid. Without very high humidity, the media will dry out over the culture period and this will impede the growth of the colonies.
Do I have to use 100 mm petri dishes or can I use other cultureware?
We recommend 100 mm Petri dishes as these have been used to develop and test ClonaCell™ semi-solid media. We have found that the surface area of these dishes allows for easy colony picking. Other sizes of dish (e.g. 6-well plates) can be used. It is important to use non-coated dishes to prevent cells from sticking to the bottom of the plate and obscuring the colonies. The volume of media plated should be adjusted to reflect the surface area of the dish being used.
Publications (2)
A Site of Vulnerability on the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Head Domain Trimer Interface.
Cell 2019 may
Abstract
Here, we describe the discovery of a naturally occurring human antibody (Ab), FluA-20, that recognizes a new site of vulnerability on the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain and reacts with most influenza A viruses. Structural characterization of FluA-20 with H1 and H3 head domains revealed a novel epitope in the HA trimer interface, suggesting previously unrecognized dynamic features of the trimeric HA protein. The critical HA residues recognized by FluA-20 remain conserved across most subtypes of influenza A viruses, which explains the Ab's extraordinary breadth. The Ab rapidly disrupted the integrity of HA protein trimers, inhibited cell-to-cell spread of virus in culture, and protected mice against challenge with viruses of H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, or H7N9 subtypes when used as prophylaxis or therapy. The FluA-20 Ab has uncovered an exceedingly conserved protective determinant in the influenza HA head domain trimer interface that is an unexpected new target for anti-influenza therapeutics and vaccines.
Subcellular location and topology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein.
Virology 2011 jul
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) envelope (E) protein is a transmembrane protein. Several subcellular locations and topological conformations of E protein have been proposed. To identify the correct ones, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for the amino or the carboxy terminus of E protein, respectively, were generated. E protein was mainly found in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) of cells transfected with a plasmid encoding E protein or infected with SARS-CoV. No evidence of E protein presence in the plasma membrane was found by using immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy and cell surface protein labeling. In addition, measurement of plasma membrane voltage gated ion channel activity by whole-cell patch clamp suggested that E protein was not present in the plasma membrane. A topological conformation in which SARS-CoV E protein amino terminus is oriented towards the lumen of intracellular membranes and carboxy terminus faces cell cytoplasm is proposed.
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Quality Statement:
PRODUCTS ARE FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON QUALITY AT STEMCELL, REFER TO WWW.STEMCELL.COM/COMPLIANCE.
