Detect changes in mitochondrial calcium levels using the Rhod-2 AM (Bromide) fluorescent dye, which is verified for detection using fluorescent microscopy.

Features:
• Excitation wavelength: 553 nm
• Emission wavelength: 577 nm
• Dissociation constant (Kd) = 570 nM
• Verified for use in fluorescence microscopy

Rhod-2 AM is a cell-permeable acetoxymethyl (AM) ester dye, which fluoresces in the presence of Ca2+. Cellular uptake of Rhod-2 AM is facilitated by the AM group, which is removed by cytoplasmic esterases, resulting in intracellular accumulation (Smith et al. Sci Signal, 2018). Rhod-2 AM selectively accumulates in the mitochondria. Increasing Ca2+ concentrations significantly enhance Rhod-2 AM fluorescence. The long emission wavelengths of this dye make it valuable for applications involving cells that have high levels of autofluorescence.

Increased intracellular calcium concentrations are a critical indicator of activation of apoptotic pathways. (Mukherjee et al. J Biol Chem, 2002). Use Rhod-2 AM (Bromide) dye to measure mitochondrial calcium influx by detection using flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and microplate readers.