JC-1 (Iodide)
Fluorescent lipophilic dye used to quantify mitochondrial membrane potential and assess cell viability
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Overview
Features:
• Excitation wavelength: 515 nm
• Emission wavelength: 530 nm
• Extinction coefficient: 195,000 cm⁻¹M⁻¹
• Fluorescence based on dye concentration
• Verified for use with flow cytometry
JC-1 is a lipophilic, cationic carbocyanine dye. This dye can reversibly change its fluorescence, which depends on the equilibrium between its monomeric and aggregate form. JC-1 exists as a monomer in polarized mitochondria and, upon excitation, it emits a green fluorescence with an emission maximum of 530 nm. At higher concentrations, due to high mitochondrial membrane potential, J-aggregates form and emit a green-orange fluorescence with an emission maximum of 590 nm. JC-1 can be used both qualitatively to measure a shift in fluorescence emission, or quantitatively to detect the difference in fluorescence intensity in channels FL1 (FITC) and FL2 (PE).
The green to orange fluorescent intensity ratio was used to evaluate mitochondrial depolarization occurring in apoptosis (Sivandzade et al. Bio-protocol, 2019). JC-1 has been used to simultaneously evaluate drug resistance parameters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells (Chaoui et al. Cytometry B Clin Cytom, 2006).
Data Figures
Figure 1. Mitochondrial Depolarization Is Visualized by a Shift to JC-1 (Iodide) Monomers
Flow cytometry analysis of Jurkat cells labeled with JC-1 (Iodide) after incubation in the presence or absence of staurosporine, an inducer of apoptosis. Mitochondrial depolarization is visualized by the population shift from JC-1 aggregates to JC-1 monomers after treatment with staurosporine.
Protocols and Documentation
Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.
Applications
This product is designed for use in the following research area(s) as part of the highlighted workflow stage(s). Explore these workflows to learn more about the other products we offer to support each research area.
Quality Statement:
PRODUCTS ARE FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON QUALITY AT STEMCELL, REFER TO WWW.STEMCELL.COM/COMPLIANCE.
