AKT Inhibitor X

PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor; Inhibits AKT

AKT Inhibitor X

PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor; Inhibits AKT

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PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor; Inhibits AKT
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Overview

AKT Inhibitor X is a cell-permeable phenoxazine-derivative inhibitor of AKT kinase phosphorylation with an IC₅₀ of ~1 - 2 μM. AKT Inhibitor X blocks translocation of AKT after insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) treatment (Thimmaiah et al.). This product is supplied as the hydrochloride salt of the molecule.

CANCER RESEARCH
· Inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (Thimmaiah et al.).
· Inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cell lines, alone or synergistically with chloroquine (Hu et al.).
· Reduces replication of Myxoma virus in a variety of human tumor cell lines (Werden & McFadden).

DISEASE MODELING
· Induces autophagy in neurons and is neuroprotective in a primary neuronal Huntington Disease cellular model (Tsvetkov et al.).
Cell Type
Cancer Cells and Cell Lines, Mammary Cells, Neurons
Species
Human, Mouse, Non-Human Primate, Other, Rat
Area of Interest
Cancer, Disease Modeling, Neuroscience
CAS Number
925681-41-0
Chemical Formula
C₂₀H₂₅ClN₂O · HCl
Purity
≥ 95%
Pathway
PI3K/AKT
Target
AKT

Protocols and Documentation

Find supporting information and directions for use in the Product Information Sheet or explore additional protocols below.

Document Type
Product Name
Catalog #
Lot #
Language
Catalog #
72952
Lot #
All
Language
English
Document Type
Safety Data Sheet
Catalog #
72952
Lot #
All
Language
English

Resources and Publications

Educational Materials (2)

Publications (4)

Pharmacological manipulation of the akt signaling pathway regulates myxoma virus replication and tropism in human cancer cells. Werden SJ and McFadden G Journal of virology 2010

Abstract

Viruses have evolved an assortment of mechanisms for regulating the Akt signaling pathway to establish a cellular environment more favorable for viral replication. Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a rabbit-specific poxvirus that encodes many immunomodulatory factors, including an ankyrin repeat-containing host range protein termed M-T5 that functions to regulate tropism of MYXV for rabbit lymphocytes and certain human cancer cells. MYXV permissiveness in these human cancer cells is dependent upon the direct interaction between M-T5 and Akt, which has been shown to induce the kinase activity of Akt. In this study, an array of compounds that selectively manipulate Akt signaling was screened and we show that only a subset of Akt inhibitors significantly decreased the ability of MYXV to replicate in previously permissive human cancer cells. Furthermore, reduced viral replication efficiency was correlated with lower levels of phosphorylated Akt. In contrast, the PP2A-specific phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid promoted increased Akt kinase activation and rescued MYXV replication in human cancer cells that did not previously support viral replication. Finally, phosphorylation of Akt at residue Thr308 was shown to dictate the physical interaction between Akt and M-T5, which then leads to phosphorylation of Ser473 and permits productive MYXV replication in these human cancer cells. The results of this study further characterize the mechanism by which M-T5 exploits the Akt signaling cascade and affirms this interaction as a major tropism determinant that regulates the replication efficiency of MYXV in human cancer cells.
A small-molecule scaffold induces autophagy in primary neurons and protects against toxicity in a Huntington disease model. Tsvetkov AS et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2010

Abstract

Autophagy is an intracellular turnover pathway. It has special relevance for neurodegenerative proteinopathies, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease (HD), which are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Although induction of autophagy enhances clearance of misfolded protein and has therefore been suggested as a therapy for proteinopathies, neurons appear to be less responsive to classic autophagy inducers than nonneuronal cells. Searching for improved inducers of neuronal autophagy, we discovered an N(10)-substituted phenoxazine that, at proper doses, potently and safely up-regulated autophagy in neurons in an Akt- and mTOR-independent fashion. In a neuron model of HD, this compound was neuroprotective and decreased the accumulation of diffuse and aggregated misfolded protein. A structure/activity analysis with structurally similar compounds approved by the US Food and Drug Administration revealed a defined pharmacophore for inducing neuronal autophagy. This pharmacophore should prove useful in studying autophagy in neurons and in developing therapies for neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
The efficacy and selectivity of tumor cell killing by Akt inhibitors are substantially increased by chloroquine. Hu C et al. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 2008

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the enhancement value of chloroquine (CQ) in cancer cell killing when used in combination with Akt inhibitors. The results showed that the combination of CQ and Akt inhibitors is much more effective than either one alone. Importantly, the CQ-mediated chemosensitization of cell killing effects by Akt inhibitors is cancer specific. In particular, when combined with 10 microM CQ, 1,3-dihydro-1-(1-((4-(6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-7-yl)phenyl)methyl)-4-piperidinyl)-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (an Akt1 and 2 inhibitor; compound 8) killed cancer cells 10-120 times more effectively than normal cells. Thus, CQ is a very effective and cancer-specific chemosensitizer when used in combination with Akt inhibitors.