17 beta-Estradiol is the predominant circulating estrogen secreted by premenopausal ovaries, playing a crucial role in physiological processes such as reproduction, bone remodeling, and the anti-inflammatory responses. Primarily converted from testosterone in ovarian granulosa cells, with smaller amounts converted in the brain and adrenal glands (Azcoitia et al. Neurosci, 2011; Tsuchiya et al. Cancer Lett, 2005). 17 beta-Estradiol exerts its effects by binding to estrogen receptors and regulating gene expression. 17 beta-Estradiol has also been implicated in several diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders (Deroo & Korach. J Clin Invest, 2006).

17 beta-Estradiol has been used for:

IMMUNOLOGY
· Induce immune cell recruitment and a pro-inflammatory response in an influenza mouse model, resulting in improved outcomes (Davis et al. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2017).
· Promote recruitment of M1-polarized macrophages to inflammation sites in a rat model in a dose-dependent manner (Kou et al. J Immunol, 2015).
CANCER RESEARCH
· Induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition activation in human glioblastoma multiforme cells (Hernández-Vega et al. Cells, 2020).
· Induce human breast cancer cell cytoskeleton remodeling and enhance migration and invasiveness (Zheng et al. PLoS One, 2011).
· Regulate cell proliferation, migration, and self-renewal capacity of human breast cancer stem cells in a dose-dependent manner (Guo et al. Oncol Lett, 2018).