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Follistatin-resistant activin A (FRACTA) is a modified version of Activin A that has been engineered to reduce binding to follistatin, the natural inhibitor of Activin A. Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family of proteins produced by many cell types throughout development (Gurdon et al.). It is a disulfide-linked homodimer (two beta-A chains) that binds to heteromeric complexes of a type I (Act RI-A and Act RI-B) and a type II (Act RII-A and Act RII-B) serine-threonine kinase receptor (Attisano et al.). Activins primarily signal through SMAD2/3 proteins to regulate a variety of functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, wound healing, apoptosis, and metabolism (McDowell et al.). Activin A signaling is regulated by binding of follistatin, which blocks the type-II receptor binding site (Harrington et al.). Activin A maintains the undifferentiated state of human embryonic stem cells (James et al.; Xiao et al.) and also facilitates differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into definitive endoderm (D’Amour et al.). This product is animal component-free (ACF).
Figure 1. Biological Activity and Molecular Mass of Human/Mouse/Rat Recombinant Follistatin-Resistant Activin A, ACF
(A) The biological activity of Human/Mouse/Rat Recombinant Follistatin-Resistant Activin A, ACF was tested using an activin-responsive luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells. Firefly luciferase activity is normalized to control Renilla luciferase activity. The EC50 is defined as the effective concentration of the growth factor at which activin response is at 50% of maximum. The EC50 in the above example is 8.79 pM (0.23 ng/mL).
(B) 1 μg of Human/Mouse/Rat Recombinant Follistatin-Resistant Activin A, ACF was resolved with SDS-PAGE under reducing (+) and non-reducing (-) conditions and visualized by Coomassie Blue staining. Human/Mouse/Rat Recombinant Follistatin-Resistant Activin A, ACF has a predicted molecular mass of 26 kDa (dimer).
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