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Compatible antibodies for purity assessment of isolated cells
What Our Scientist Says
Organoids have truly expanded the limits of what's possible for in vitro studies of the intestinal epithelium. By providing optimized culture media and robust, approachable protocols, we are making these technologies more accessible to researchers.
Ryan ConderAssociate Director, Gastrointestinal Biology
Model key characteristics of the adult intestinal epithelium using intestinal organoids established and maintained with this complete medium formulation and optimized protocol. Using the easy-to-follow and robust protocol, you can derive organoids from human intestinal crypts in one week; organoid growth across donor samples, including those that are otherwise difficult to grow, is enabled by an enriched stem cell population.
Organoids grown in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) incorporate a functional lumen enclosed by a polarized intestinal epithelial cell layer and, for versatile modeling applications, can be further differentiated in 3D or in 2D as submerged monolayers or air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures using IntestiCult™ Organoid Differentiation Medium (Human; Catalog #100-0214).
Applications of intestinal organoid cultures include studying the development and function of intestinal epithelium, modeling intestinal diseases, and screening molecules for both efficacy and toxicity in an intestinal model. Intestinal organoid cultures can also be used for investigation of adult stem cell properties and for regenerative therapy approaches.
Should you intend to use this product for commercial purposes, please contact HUB at www.huborganoids.nl for a commercial use license or for clarifications in relation to HUB licensing.
Figure 1. Primary Organoids Grown in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) are Fully Mature After 10-14 Days in Culture
Primary organoids were cultured from human colonic biopsy samples and grown in IntestiCult Organoid Growth Medium (Human). Organoids were imaged after (A) two days, (B) six days, (C) eight days and (D) ten days growth.
Figure 2. Organoids Grown in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) Display Markers of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Immunofluorescence of organoids grown in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) showing colocalization of (A) DAPI, (B) EPCAM and (C) Ki67. (D) A merged image shows the position of actively proliferating (Ki67+) intestinal stem cells within the epithelial layer (EPCAM+).
Figure 3. Forskolin-Induced Swelling of Organoids Grown in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human)
Organoids were treated with (A) 5 μM Forskolin or (B) DMSO and organoid area was measured at 0 minutes and 120 minutes. (C)Forskolin-treated organoids increased in size 33.5 ± 3.8% compared to 7.5 ± 0.8% for DMSO-treated organoids.
Figure 4. IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) Supports the Growth of Organoids in Multiple Extracellular Matrices
Intestinal organoid cultures were prepared in IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human) and plated in (A) Matrigel® Growth Factor Reduced Basement Membrane Matrix (Corning® catalog # 356231), (B) Geltrex® LDEV-Free Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Matrix (Gibco™ catalog # A1413202), (C) Cultrex® Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Extract, Type 1 (R&D Systems™ catalog # 3433-005-R1), and (D) Cultrex® Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Extract, Type 2 (R&D Systems™ catalog # 3533-005-02). Organoid cultures are imaged at the end of passage 4. All four extracellular matrices supported robust growth of human intestinal organoids. Scale bars = 250 μm.
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Fucose-Galactose Polymers Inhibit Cholera Toxin Binding to Fucosylated Structures and Galactose-Dependent Intoxication of Human Enteroids.
J. Cervin et al.
ACS infectious diseases 2020 may
Abstract
A promising strategy to limit cholera severity involves blockers mimicking the canonical cholera toxin ligand (CT) ganglioside GM1. However, to date the efficacies of most of these blockers have been evaluated in noncellular systems that lack ligands other than GM1. Importantly, the CT B subunit (CTB) has a noncanonical site that binds fucosylated structures, which in contrast to GM1 are highly expressed in the human intestine. Here we evaluate the capacity of norbornene polymers displaying galactose and/or fucose to block CTB binding to immobilized protein-linked glycan structures and also to primary human and murine small intestine epithelial cells (SI ECs). We show that the binding of CTB to human SI ECs is largely dependent on the noncanonical binding site, and interference with the canonical site has a limited effect while the opposite is observed with murine SI ECs. The galactose-fucose polymer blocks binding to fucosylated glycans but not to GM1. However, the preincubation of CT with the galactose-fucose polymer only partially blocks toxic effects on cultured human enteroid cells, while preincubation with GM1 completely blocks CT-mediated secretion. Our results support a model whereby the binding of fucose to the noncanonical site places CT in close proximity to scarcely expressed galactose receptors such as GM1 to enable binding via the canonical site leading to CT internalization and intoxication. Our finding also highlights the importance of complementing CTB binding studies with functional intoxication studies when assessing the efficacy inhibitors of CT.
TNFAIP8 controls murine intestinal stem cell homeostasis and regeneration by regulating microbiome-induced Akt signaling.
J. R. Goldsmith et al.
Nature communications 2020 may
Abstract
The intestine is a highly dynamic environment that requires tight control of the various inputs to maintain homeostasis and allow for proper responses to injury. It was recently found that the stem cell niche and epithelium is regenerated after injury by de-differentiated adult cells, through a process that gives rise to Sca1+ fetal-like cells and is driven by a transient population of Clu+ revival stem cells (revSCs). However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this dynamic process have not been fully defined. Here we show that TNFAIP8 (also known as TIPE0) is a regulator of intestinal homeostasis that is vital for proper regeneration. TIPE0 functions through inhibiting basal Akt activation by the commensal microbiota via modulating membrane phospholipid abundance. Loss of TIPE0 in mice results in injury-resistant enterocytes, that are hyperproliferative, yet have regenerative deficits and are shifted towards a de-differentiated state. Tipe0-/- enterocytes show basal induction of the Clu+ regenerative program and a fetal gene expression signature marked by Sca1, but upon injury are unable to generate Sca-1+/Clu+ revSCs and could not regenerate the epithelium. This work demonstrates the role of TIPE0 in regulating the dynamic signaling that determines the injury response and enables intestinal epithelial cell regenerative plasticity.
Human ileal organoid model recapitulates clinical incidence of diarrhea associated with small molecule drugs.
D. G. Belair et al.
Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA 2020 jul
Abstract
Drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is a common treatment-emergent adverse event that can negatively impact dosing, thereby limiting efficacy and treatment options for patients. An in vitro assay of GIT is needed to address patient variability, mimic the microphysiology of the gut, and accurately predict drug-induced GIT. Primary human ileal organoids (termed 'enteroids') have proven useful for stimulating intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation to multiple cell types present in the gut epithelium. Enteroids have enabled characterization of gut biology and the signaling involved in the pathogenesis of disease. Here, enteroids were differentiated from four healthy human donors and assessed for culture duration-dependent differentiation status by immunostaining for gut epithelial markers lysozyme, chromogranin A, mucin, and sucrase isomaltase. Differentiated enteroids were evaluated with a reference set of 31 drugs exhibiting varying degrees of clinical incidence of diarrhea, a common manifestation of GIT that can be caused by drug-induced thinning of the gut epithelium. An assay examining enteroid viability in response to drug treatment demonstrated 90{\%} accuracy for recapitulating the incidence of drug-induced diarrhea. The human enteroid viability assay developed here presents a promising in vitro model for evaluating drug-induced diarrhea.
Cell culture medium for further differentiation of human intestinal organoids in 3D, or as monolayers/air-liquid interface cultures
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IntestiCult™ Organoid Growth Medium (Human)
Interested in trying STEMCELL’s organoid products for your intestinal research? Fill out the form to request information about introductory offers.
Legal Statement:
This product was developed under a license to intellectual property owned by Hubrecht Organoid Technology (HUB). This product is sold for research use only. Purchase of this product does not include the right to use it for drug screening aiming for commercial gain, equipment validation, biobanking, or for other commercial purposes. Purchasers wishing to use the product for purposes other than basic research use should contact HUB at www.huborganoids.nl to obtain a further license. Purchasers may apply for a License from HUB, which will not be unreasonably withheld by HUB.
Quality Statement:
PRODUCTS ARE FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES UNLESS OTHERWISE STATED. FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON QUALITY AT STEMCELL, REFER TO WWW.STEMCELL.COM/COMPLIANCE.